Automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler

专利摘要:
The invention discloses an automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler which comprises a boiler body, an air distributing unit, a water circulating unit, a smoke discharging unit and a control unit. In work, a straw bundle is placed on a first combustion chamber through a feed port, an electric heating bar is heated to a certain temperature, then the straw bundle is ignited, the air distributing unit introduces the air heated by an air preheater into an combustion chamber of the boiler body through an air distributing nozzle, ash generated by combustion of the straw bundle falls into a second combustion chamber to continue to be combusted, the high-temperature smoke generated by combustion exchanges heat with the water circulating unit and is then guided out under the effect of an induced draft fan, part of the smoke enters a smoke analyzer through a smoke sampling pipeline, the rest of the smoke enters a wet precipitator, the purified smoke is discharged out of a chimney, a water circulating layer of the water circulating unit can absorb the heat of the high-temperature smoke, a hot water outlet water pool can convey circulating water into the water circulating layer, and the circulating water subjected to heat exchanging flows back to a hot water outlet tank.
公开号:DK202001202A1
申请号:DKP202001202
申请日:2020-10-26
公开日:2021-06-09
发明作者:Yao Zonglu；Zhao Lixin；Ja Jixiu；Cong Hongbin；Zhao Yanan
申请人:Chinese Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Inst Of Environment And Sustainable Development In Agricult；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of new fuels, in particular to an automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler.BACKGROUND OF THE RELATED ART
[0002] [0002] Energy is closely related to people’s daily life and social development. Sufficient energy is the foundation to support the rapid development of society. With the gradual reduction of the earth’s energy reserves and the huge damage to the environment caused by the use of fossil energy, finding new clean energy to replace fossil energy has become an important goal of global sustainable development.
[0003] [0003] Biomass energy, as a resource-rich renewable resource, can effectively alleviate the current energy shortage problem. However, the traditional direct combustion method has low combustion efficiency and high pollutant emissions, which has a certain impact on the environment. Although straw briquette fuel solves the problems of straw fuel’s difficulty in transportation and low energy density, its cost is relatively high, so it has certain limitations in popularization and application. With the development of bundling technology, the new fuel of bundling straw is gradually being used by various industries.
[0004] [0004] Although there are various types of straw bundle combusting boilers currently on the market, their design and manufacturing are based on other existing boilers and are modified. The prior art lacks a dedicated straw bundle combusting boiler for the burning mechanism and combusting characteristics of straw bundle combusting. Therefore, studying the combusting characteristics of the straw bundle and the influence of various factors on the combusting efficiency and emissions of the straw bundle is essential for the application of the new fuel of the straw bundle and the manufacture of special straw bundle combusting boilers.
[0005] [0005] Therefore, how to provide a special straw bundle combusting boiler so that researchers can experiment on the burning characteristics of the straw bundle, the burning efficiency of the straw bundle, the combusting air distribution volume, etc., has become an urgent problem for those skilled in the art.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] [0006] The objective of the invention is to provide an automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler to solve the above problems in the prior art, so as to test the combusting characteristics of the straw bundle and improve the combusting efficiency of the straw bundle.
[0007] [0007] In order to achieve the objective above, the invention provides the following solutions: the invention provides an automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler, comprising a boiler body, an air distributing unit, a water circulating unit, a smoke discharging unit and a control unit; wherein the combustion chamber of the boiler body is provided with a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber that are connected with each other; a straw bundle is placed on the first combustion chamber; the first combustion chamber is provided with an electric heating bar; the first combustion chamber is provided with a through hole that allows straw ashes to pass through; the second combustion chamber is arranged at the bottom of the first combustion chamber, and there is a gap between the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber; the bottom of the second combustion chamber is further connected with a gravity sensor; the boiler body is further provided with a feed port, an ash cleaning port and an observation hole; the feed port is provided with a feed door; the ash cleaning port is provided with an ash cleaning door; the feed door and the ash cleaning door are respectively hinged to the boiler body; the boiler body is connected with thermocouples and a pressure gauge, the thermocouples can test the temperature in the boiler body, and the pressure gauge can monitor the pressure in the boiler body;
[0008] [0008] the air distributing unit comprises a blower, an air preheater and air distributing nozzles; the blower is connected with the combustion chamber of the boiler body; the air
[0009] [0009] Preferably, the boiler body is further provided with a heat insulation layer, and the heat insulation layer is arranged outside the water circulating layer.
[0010] [0010] Preferably, a supporting rod is provided between the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber; the second combustion chamber is connected to the gravity sensor through a connecting rod.
[0011] [0011] Preferably, the water circulating layer is provided with a cool water inlet and a hot water outlet; the cool water inlet is connected with the cool water inlet tank; a water pump is provided between the cool water inlet and the cool water inlet tank; the hot water outlet is connected with the hot water outlet tank; a fluid flowmeter is provided between the cool water inlet and the cool water inlet tank, and between the hot water outlet and the hot water outlet tank; the cool water inlet and the hot water outlet are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the boiler body; the cool water inlet tank is connected with the hot water outlet tank; a valve is provided between the cool water inlet tank and the hot water outlet tank.
[0011] [0011] Preferably, the number of the air distributing nozzles is multiple, and each group of the air distributing nozzles is annularly arranged on the inner side wall of the boiler body; the multiple groups of the air distributing nozzles are arranged at equal intervals on the top of the second combustion chamber.
[0012] [0012] Preferably, a valve and a gas flowmeter are provided between the air distributing nozzles and the air preheater.
[0013] [0013] Preferably, the feed door and the ash cleaning door are both arranged on the side wall of the boiler body; the feed door is located at the top of the first combustion chamber; the ash cleaning door is arranged between the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber; the thermocouples and the feed door are respectively arranged on two opposite side walls of the boiler body; the number of the thermocouples is multiple.
[0014] [0014] Preferably, locking buckles are provided between the feed door, the ash cleaning door and the boiler body.
[0015] [0015] Compared with the prior art, the invention has achieved the following technical effects: the automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler of the invention comprises a boiler body, an air distributing unit, a water circulating unit, a smoke discharging unit and a control unit, wherein the combustion chamber of the boiler body is provided with a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber that are connected with each other; a straw bundle is placed on the first combustion chamber; the first combustion chamber is provided with an electric heating bar; the first combustion chamber is provided with a through hole that allows straw ashes to pass through; the second combustion chamber is arranged at the bottom of the first combustion chamber, and there is a gap between the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber; the bottom of the second combustion chamber is further connected with a gravity sensor; the boiler body is further provided with a feed port, an ash cleaning port and an observation hole; the feed port is provided with a feed door; the ash cleaning port is provided with an ash cleaning door; the feed door and the ash cleaning door are respectively hinged to the boiler body; the boiler body is connected with thermocouples and a pressure gauge; the thermocouples can test the
[0016] [0016] In order to explain the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced hereinafter. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings may be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
[0017] [0017] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler of the invention;
[0018] [0018] FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the partial structure of the automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler of the invention;
[0019] [0019] In the figures, 1 refers to the boiler body; 2 refers to the first combustion chamber; 3 refers to the second combustion chamber; 4 refers to the electric heating bar; 5 refers to the gravity sensor; 6 refers to the feed port; 7 refers to the ash cleaning port; 8 refers to the observation hole; 9 refers to the thermocouple; 10 refers to the blower; 11 refers to the air preheater; 12 refers to the air distributing nozzle; 13 refers to the cool water inlet tank; 14 refers to the hot water outlet tank; 15 refers to the water circulating layer; 16 refers to the
[0020] [0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention will be described clearly and completely hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without creative efforts shall all fall within the protection scope of the invention.
[0021] [0021] The objective of the invention is to provide an automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler to solve the above problems in the prior art, so as to test the combusting characteristics of the straw bundle and improve the combusting efficiency of the straw bundle.
[0022] [0022] In order to make the above objectives, features and advantages of the invention more obvious and easy to understand, the invention will be further described in detail hereinafter with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
[0023] [0023] With reference to FIG. 1-2, wherein FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler of the invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the partial structure of the automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler of the invention.
[0024] [0024] The invention provides an automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler, comprising a boiler body 1, an air distributing unit, a water circulating unit, a smoke discharging unit and a control unit 26; wherein the combustion chamber of the boiler body 1 is provided with a first combustion chamber 2 and a second
[0025] [0025] The air distributing unit comprises a blower 10, an air preheater 11 and air distributing nozzles 12; the blower 10 is connected with the combustion chamber of the boiler body 1; the air preheater 11 is arranged between the blower 10 and the boiler body 1; the air distribution nozzles 12 are arranged in the combustion chamber of the boiler body 1, and the air distribution nozzles 12 are connected with the air preheater 11; the air preheater 11 can heat the air; the air distribution nozzles 12 can deliver heated air into the boiler body 1; the air distribution nozzles 12 are respectively arranged on the top of the first combustion chamber 2, between the first combustion chamber 2 and the second combustion chamber 3, and on the top of the straw bundle; the water circulating unit comprises a cool water inlet tank 13 and a hot water outlet tank 14; the boiler body 1 is provided with a water circulating layer 15, and the water circulating layer 15 is connected with the cool water inlet tank and the hot water outlet tank 14; the smoke discharging unit comprises a smoke sampling pipeline 16, a wet precipitator 17, an induced draft fan 18 and a chimney 19; the wet precipitator 17 and the smoke sampling pipeline 16 are connected with the combustion chamber of the boiler body 1; the gas outlet of the wet precipitator 17 is connected with the chimney 19; the induced draft fan 18 is arranged between the wet precipitator 17 and the chimney 19; the smoke sampling pipeline 16 is further connected with the gas outlet of the wet precipitator 17; the smoke
[0026] [0026] When the automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler of the invention is in work, a straw bundle is placed on a first combustion chamber 2 through a feed port 6, an electric heating bar 4 is heated to a certain temperature, then the straw bundle is ignited, the air distributing unit introduces the air heated by an air preheater 11 into an combustion chamber of the boiler body 1 through an air distributing nozzle 12; the air distributing nozzle 12 at the top of the first combustion chamber 2 provides oxygen for the burning of the straw bundle; the straw bundle begin to burn from the bottom; with the burning of the straw bundle, the straw bundle will automatically descend under the action of gravity to realize automatic replenishment; the straw bundle is always burned at the bottom to ensure that the air distribution is more uniform, sufficient and unchanged when the straw bundle is burned; ash generated by combustion of the straw bundle falls into a second combustion chamber 3 to continue to be combusted; the air distributing nozzle 12 located between the first combustion chamber 2 and the second combustion chamber 3 provides oxygen for the combustion of ashes and embers, and the combustible gas produced by combustion flows to the top of the combustion chamber of the boiler body 1; the air distributing nozzle 12 at the top of the straw bundle provides oxygen for the combustible gas in the high-temperature flue gas produced by combustion; after the combustible gas in the flue gas is burned and the flue gas exchanges heat with the water circulating unit, it is guided out from the boiler body 1 under the effect of the induced draft fan 18 (it should be noted here that when the combustible gas flows to the middle of the boiler body 1, it will not burn due to lack of oxygen); part of the smoke enters a smoke analyzer 20 through a smoke sampling pipeline 16, the rest of the smoke enters a wet precipitator 17, the smoke purified by the wet precipitator 17 is discharged out of a chimney 19, a water circulating layer 15 of the water circulating unit can absorb the heat of the high-temperature smoke, a hot water outlet water pool can convey circulating water into the water circulating layer 15, and the circulating water subjected to heat exchanging flows back to a hot water outlet tank 14; the control unit 26 can
[0027] [0027] The boiler body 1 is further provided with a heat insulation layer 21, and the heat insulation layer 21 is arranged outside the water circulating layer to prevent heat loss from affecting the test results of the test boiler.
[0028] [0028] Specifically, a supporting rod 22 is provided between the first combustion chamber 2 and the second combustion chamber 3 to enhance the stability of the first combustion chamber 2 and the second combustion chamber 3; the second combustion chamber 3 is connected to the gravity sensor 5 through a connecting rod 23; since the first combustion chamber 2 and the second combustion chamber 3 are connected by the supporting rod 22, the gravity sensor 5 can monitor the weight change of the first combustion chamber 2 and the second combustion chamber 3.
[0029] [0029] More specifically, the water circulating layer 15 is provided with a cool water inlet 24 and a hot water outlet 25; the cool water inlet 24 is connected with the cool water inlet tank
[0030] [0030] In order to make the air distribution into the boiler body 1 more uniform, the number of the air distributing nozzles 12 is multiple, and each group of the air distributing nozzles 12 is annularly arranged on the inner side wall of the boiler body 1; the multiple groups of the air distributing nozzles 12 are arranged at equal intervals on the top of the second combustion chamber 3; the multiple groups of the ring-shaped air distributing nozzles 12 surround the straw bundle and uniformly convey air into the boiler body 1 with uniform air distribution and no dead ends, so that the straw bundle can be burned more fully, the combustion efficiency is improved, and the test data is more accurate. Similarly, ring-shaped air distributing nozzles 12 are provided between the first combustion chamber 2 and the second combustion chamber 3.
[0031] [0031] In order to facilitate monitoring of the amount of air entering the boiler body 1, a valve and a gas flowmeter are provided between the air distributing nozzles 12 and the air preheater 11; the valve and the gas flowmeter are connected to the control unit 26 for easy control and monitoring; the valve can control the air distribution volume of the air distributing nozzles 12 at different positions to meet the different oxygen requirements of different substances in the combustion process, so that different substances are always in the best air distribution ratio during combustion, so as to improve combustion efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions.
[0032] [0032] In the embodiment, the feed door and the ash cleaning door are both arranged on the side wall of the boiler body 1; the feed door is located at the top of the first combustion chamber 2 to facilitate the feeding of the straw bundle; the ash cleaning door is arranged between the first combustion chamber 2 and the second combustion chamber 3 to facilitate the cleaning of burning ash; the thermocouples 9 and the feed door are respectively arranged on two opposite side walls of the boiler body 1; the number of the thermocouples 9 is multiple, and multi-point monitoring is implemented to improve the accuracy of monitoring results.
[0033] [0033] Further, locking buckles are provided between the feed door, the ash cleaning door and the boiler body 1 to avoid leakage of the feed door and the ash cleaning door during the combustion process, which will affect the burning effectiveness.
[0034] [0034] In other embodiments of the invention, the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of the straw bundle exchanges heat with the water circulating layer 15 through the heat exchanger 27, and the flue gas that has completed the heat exchange enters the wet precipitator 17 for processing to remove particulate matter and atmospheric harmful substances in the exhaust flue gas; part of the smoke enters the smoke analyzer 20; the smoke analyzer 20 is used to analyze the concentration of CO, CO», NOx, SO», particulate matter and other substances in the sampled flue gas, and transmit the data to the control unit 26 in real time; the control unit 26 can display various monitored data in the form of a graph, which is convenient for analyzing the test result.
[0035] [0035] When the automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler of the invention is in work, a straw bundle is loaded into the boiler body 1 through the feed port 6; after closing the feed door, the electric heating bar 4 starts to work and reaches a certain temperature and the straw bundle is ignited; at the beginning of combustion, the valve of the air distributing unit is opened in a small part, and the air heated by the air preheater 11 is introduced into the boiler body 1; as the combustion becomes more intense, the opening of the valve between the boiler body 1 and the air distributing unit increases, which enlarges the air distribution volume. The ashes and embers produced by burning will fall into the second combustion chamber 3; after the high-temperature flame and flue gas produced by the combustion pass through the heat exchanger 27, under the action of
[0036] [0036] In the invention, specific embodiments are used to illustrate the principles and implementation of the invention, and the description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of the invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation and the scope of application. In summary, the content of the specification should not be construed as limiting the invention.

权利要求:
Claims (8)
[1] 1. An automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler, comprising a boiler body, an air distributing unit, a water circulating unit, a smoke discharging unit and a control unit; wherein the combustion chamber of the boiler body is provided with a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber that are connected with each other; a straw bundle is placed on the first combustion chamber; the first combustion chamber is provided with an electric heating bar; the first combustion chamber is provided with a through hole that allows straw ashes to pass through; the second combustion chamber is arranged at the bottom of the first combustion chamber, and there is a gap between the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber; the bottom of the second combustion chamber is further connected with a gravity sensor; the boiler body is further provided with a feed port, an ash cleaning port and an observation hole; the feed port is provided with a feed door; the ash cleaning port is provided with an ash cleaning door; the feed door and the ash cleaning door are respectively hinged to the boiler body; the boiler body is connected with thermocouples and a pressure gauge; the thermocouples can test the temperature in the boiler body, and the pressure gauge can monitor the pressure in the boiler body; the air distributing unit comprises a blower, an air preheater and air distributing nozzles; the blower is connected with the combustion chamber of the boiler body; the air preheater is arranged between the blower and the boiler body; the air distribution nozzles are arranged in the combustion chamber of the boiler body, and the air distribution nozzles are connected with the air preheater; the air preheater can heat the air; the air distribution nozzles can deliver heated air into the boiler body; the air distribution nozzles are respectively arranged on the top of the first combustion chamber, between the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber, and on the top of the straw bundle; the water circulating unit comprises a cool water inlet tank and a hot water outlet tank; the boiler body is provided with a water circulating layer, and the water circulating layer is connected with the cool water inlet tank and the hot water outlet tank; the smoke discharging unit comprises a smoke sampling
DK 2020 01202 A1 pipeline, a wet precipitator, an induced draft fan and a chimney; the wet precipitator and the smoke sampling pipeline are connected with the combustion chamber of the boiler body; the gas outlet of the wet precipitator is connected with the chimney; the induced draft fan is arranged between the wet precipitator and the chimney; the smoke sampling pipeline is further connected with the gas outlet of the wet precipitator; the smoke sampling pipeline is connected with a smoke analyzer; the boiler body, the air distributing unit, the water circulating unit and the smoke discharging unit are connected with the control unit.
[2] 2. The automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler according to claim 1, wherein the boiler body is further provided with a heat insulation layer, and the heat insulation layer is arranged outside the water circulating layer.
[3] 3. The automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler according to claim 1, wherein a supporting rod is provided between the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber; the second combustion chamber is connected to the gravity sensor through a connecting rod.
[4] 4. The automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler according to claim 1, wherein the water circulating layer is provided with a cool water inlet and a hot water outlet; the cool water inlet is connected with the cool water inlet tank; a water pump is provided between the cool water inlet and the cool water inlet tank; the hot water outlet is connected with the hot water outlet tank; a fluid flowmeter is provided between the cool water inlet and the cool water inlet tank, and between the hot water outlet and the hot water outlet tank; the cool water inlet and the hot water outlet are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the boiler body; the cool water inlet tank is connected with the hot water outlet tank; a valve is provided between the cool water inlet tank and the hot water outlet tank.
[5] 5. The automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler according to claim 1, wherein the number of the air distributing nozzles is multiple, and each group of the air distributing nozzles is annularly arranged on the inner side wall of the boiler body; the multiple groups of the air distributing nozzles are arranged at equal intervals on the top of the second combustion chamber.
DK 2020 01202 A1
[6] 6. The automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler according to claim 5, wherein a valve and a gas flowmeter are provided between the air distributing nozzles and the air preheater.
[7] 7. The automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler according to claim 1, wherein the feed door and the ash cleaning door are both arranged on the side wall of the boiler body; the feed door is located at the top of the first combustion chamber; the ash cleaning door is arranged between the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber; the thermocouples and the feed door are respectively arranged on two opposite side walls of the boiler body; the number of the thermocouples is multiple.
[8] 8. The automatic supplementing, air-staging and grate-firing straw bundle combusting boiler according to claim 1, wherein locking buckles are provided between the feed door, the ash cleaning door and the boiler body.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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CN110701602A|2020-01-17|

引用文献:

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公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题

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法律状态:
2021-06-09| PAT| Application published|Effective date: 20210520 |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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CN201911132196.9A|CN110701602A|2019-11-19|2019-11-19|Automatic hierarchical layer of feed supplement fires straw bundle and burns boiler|

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